Anne Schafer, MD

Professor In Residence
Medicine
+1 415 221-4810 ext. 24895

Dr. Schafer is Professor of Medicine and of Epidemiology & Biostatistics at UCSF and Chief of Endocrinology and Metabolism at the San Francisco VA Health Care System. She is board-certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine in the subspecialty of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism. Her research focus is osteoporosis and bone metabolism. One of her research emphases is osteoporosis treatment and the assessment of response to osteoporosis therapy. She also studies the relationships between bone, fat, and glucose metabolism, including the effects of obesity and diabetes on bone, and the skeletal regulation of energy metabolism. This research program includes investigations of the effects of bariatric surgery (weight loss surgery) on calcium metabolism and skeletal health. Dr. Schafer's research has been funded by the National Institutes of Health, the US Department of Veterans Affairs, and the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Publications: 

Skeletal effects of sleeve gastrectomy, by sex and menopausal status and compared to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

Wu KC, Wu PH, Kazakia G, Patel S, Black DM, Lang TF, Kim TY, King NJ, Hoffmann TJ, Chang H, Linfield G, Palilla S, Rogers SJ, Carter JT, Posselt AM, Schafer AL

Higher FSH Level Is Associated With Increased Risk Of Incident Hip Fracture In Older Adults, Independent Of Sex Hormones.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

Koh EH, Ewing SK, Sigurdsson S, Gudnason V, Hue TF, Vittinghoff E, Ohlsson C, Tivesten Å, Grahnemo L, Yuen T, Zaidi M, Rosen CJ, Schwartz AV, Schafer AL

Consensus Statement on Vitamin D Status Assessment and Supplementation: Whys, Whens, and Hows.

Endocrine reviews

Giustina A, Bilezikian JP, Adler RA, Banfi G, Bikle DD, Binkley NC, Bollerslev J, Bouillon R, Brandi ML, Casanueva FF, di Filippo L, Donini LM, Ebeling PR, Fuleihan GE, Fassio A, Frara S, Jones G, Marcocci C, Martineau AR, Minisola S, Napoli N, Procopio M, Rizzoli R, Schafer AL, Sempos CT, Ulivieri FM, Virtanen JK

Skeletal effects of sleeve gastrectomy, by sex and menopausal status and in comparison to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

Wu KC, Wu PH, Kazakia G, Patel S, Black DM, Lang TF, Kim TY, King NJ, Hoffman TJ, Chang H, Linfield G, Palilla S, Rogers SJ, Carter JT, Posselt AM, Schafer AL

Epidemiology of fractures in adults of African ancestry with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Bone

Zhang SC, Makebeh T, Mesinovic J, Djopseu K, Martin C, Lui LY, Cawthon PM, Schneider ALC, Zmuda JM, Strotmeyer ES, Schafer A, Ebeling PR, Zebaze RM

Alteration in the gut microbiome is associated with changes in bone metabolism after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Wu KC, McCauley KE, Lynch SV, Nayak RR, King NJ, Patel S, Kim TY, Condra K, Fadrosh D, Nguyen D, Lin DL, Lynch K, Rogers SJ, Carter JT, Posselt AM, Stewart L, Schafer AL

Microvascular disease not type 2 diabetes is associated with increased cortical porosity: A study of cortical bone microstructure and intracortical vessel characteristics.

Bone reports

Löffler MT, Wu PH, Pirmoazen AM, Joseph GB, Stewart JM, Saeed I, Liu J, Schafer AL, Schwartz AV, Link TM, Kazakia GJ

Bone Marrow Adiposity Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes Are Sex-Specific and Associated with Serum Lipid Levels.

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Wu PH, Joseph G, Saeed I, Pirmoazen AM, Kenny K, Kim TY, Schafer AL, Schwartz AV, Li X, Link TM, Kazakia GJ

Vitamin D status and supplementation before and after Bariatric Surgery: Recommendations based on a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

Giustina A, di Filippo L, Facciorusso A, Adler RA, Binkley N, Bollerslev J, Bouillon R, Casanueva FF, Cavestro GM, Chakhtoura M, Conte C, Donini LM, Ebeling PR, Fassio A, Frara S, Gagnon C, Latella G, Marcocci C, Mechanick JI, Minisola S, Rizzoli R, Santini F, Shaker JL, Sempos C, Ulivieri FM, Virtanen JK, Napoli N, Schafer AL, Bilezikian JP

Intestinal Calcium Absorption Decreases After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Despite Optimization of Vitamin D Status.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

Wu KC, Cao S, Weaver CM, King NJ, Patel S, Kim TY, Black DM, Kingman H, Shafer MM, Rogers SJ, Stewart L, Carter JT, Posselt AM, Schafer AL

Prevalence of osteoporosis in older male veterans receiving hip-containing computed tomography scans: opportunistic use of biomechanical computed tomography analysis (BCT).

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA

Teng PF, Chiang JM, Schafer AL, Sukerkar PA, Keaveny TM, Bikle D

Interpretation of Bone Mineral Density Z-Scores by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth Prior to Gender-Affirming Medical Therapy.

Journal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry

Lee JY, Fan B, Montenegro G, Long RK, Sanda S, Capodanno G, Schafer AL, Burghardt AJ, Rosenthal SM, Fung EB

Bone marrow adipose tissue composition and glycemic improvements after gastric bypass surgery.

Bone reports

Kim TY, Schwartz AV, Li X, Xu K, Kazakia GJ, Grunfeld C, Nissenson RA, Shoback DM, Schafer AL

Prebiotic to Improve Calcium Absorption in Postmenopausal Women After Gastric Bypass: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

Wu KC, Cao S, Weaver CM, King NJ, Patel S, Kingman H, Sellmeyer DE, McCauley K, Li D, Lynch SV, Kim TY, Black DM, Shafer MM, Özçam M, Lin DL, Rogers SJ, Stewart L, Carter JT, Posselt AM, Schafer AL

No Evidence of Association Between Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin and Incident Type 2 Diabetes.

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Babey ME, Ewing SK, Strotmeyer ES, Napoli N, Schafer AL, Vittinghoff E, Gundberg CM, Schwartz AV

Cortical Bone Loss Following Gastric Bypass Surgery Is Not Primarily Endocortical.

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Sadoughi S, Pasco C, Joseph GB, Wu PH, Schafer AL, Kazakia GJ

Saturated and Unsaturated Bone Marrow Lipids Have Distinct Effects on Bone Density and Fracture Risk in Older Adults.

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Woods GN, Ewing SK, Schafer AL, Gudnason V, Sigurdsson S, Lang T, Hue TF, Kado DM, Vittinghoff E, Rosen C, Li X, Schwartz AV

The Interaction of Acute-Phase Reaction and Efficacy for Osteoporosis After Zoledronic Acid: HORIZON Pivotal Fracture Trial.

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Black DM, Reid IR, Napoli N, Ewing SK, Shiraki M, Nakamura T, Takeuchi Y, Schafer AL, Kim TY, Cauley JA

Follicle-stimulating hormone level and changes in bone mass and body composition in older women and men.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

Wu KC, Ewing SK, Li X, Sigurðsson S, Guðnason V, Kado DM, Hue TF, Woods GN, Veldhuis-Vlug AG, Vittinghoff E, Zaidi M, Rosen CJ, Lang T, Kim TY, Schwartz AV, Schafer AL

Serum FSH Is Associated With BMD, Bone Marrow Adiposity, and Body Composition in the AGES-Reykjavik Study of Older Adults.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

Veldhuis-Vlug AG, Woods GN, Sigurdsson S, Ewing SK, Le PT, Hue TF, Vittinghoff E, Xu K, Gudnason V, Sigurdsson G, Kado DM, Eiriksdottir G, Harris T, Schafer AL, Li X, Zaidi M, Rosen CJ, Schwartz AV

Soft tissue variations influence HR-pQCT density measurements in a spatially dependent manner.

Bone

Wu PH, Gupta T, Chang H, Petrenko D, Schafer A, Kazakia G

Increases in PYY and uncoupling of bone turnover are associated with loss of bone mass after gastric bypass surgery.

Bone

Kim TY, Shoback DM, Black DM, Rogers SJ, Stewart L, Carter JT, Posselt AM, King NJ, Schafer AL

Commercial Laboratory Reproducibility of Serum CTX in Clinical Practice.

JBMR plus

Hindi SM, Vittinghoff E, Schafer AL, Silverman S, Bauer DC

Bone Quality Sleuths: Uncovering Tissue-Level Mechanisms of Bone Fragility in Human Type 2 Diabetes.

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Alliston T, Schafer A

High dose vitamin D supplementation does not rescue bone loss following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in female rats.

Bone

Niu A, Carpenter TO, Grams JM, Bozorgmehri S, Tommasini SM, Schafer AL, Canales BK

Changes in Lean Mass, Absolute and Relative Muscle Strength, and Physical Performance After Gastric Bypass Surgery.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

Alba DL, Wu L, Cawthon PM, Mulligan K, Lang T, Patel S, King NJ, Carter JT, Rogers SJ, Posselt AM, Stewart L, Shoback DM, Schafer AL

Leptinemia is Associated With Peripheral Artery Disease.

The Journal of surgical research

Zahner GJ, Ramirez JL, Spaulding KA, Khetani SA, Gasper WJ, Grunfeld C, Hills NK, Schafer AL, Grenon SM

Comparison of BMD Changes and Bone Formation Marker Levels 3 Years After Bisphosphonate Discontinuation: FLEX and HORIZON-PFT Extension I Trials.

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Kim TY, Bauer DC, McNabb BL, Schafer AL, Cosman F, Black DM, Eastell R

Trunk Muscle Composition 2 Months After Hip Fracture: Findings From the Baltimore Hip Studies.

Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation

Hicks GE, Shardell MD, Miller RR, Eastlack M, Orwig DL, Goodpaster BH, Chomentowski PJ, Hochberg MC, Rathbun AM, Cauley JA, Harris T, Satterfield S, Schafer AL, Magaziner J

Serum resistin is associated with impaired endothelial function and a higher rate of adverse cardiac events in patients with peripheral artery disease.

Journal of vascular surgery

Ramirez JL, Khetani SA, Zahner GJ, Spaulding KA, Schaller MS, Gasper WJ, Hills NK, Schafer AL, Grenon SM

Hypocalcemia.

Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism

Anne L. Schafer, Dolores M. Shoback

Subcutaneous Fat Fibrosis Links Obesity to Insulin Resistance in Chinese Americans.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

Alba DL, Farooq JA, Lin MYC, Schafer AL, Shepherd J, Koliwad SK

PC128. Serum Resistin Is Associated With Impaired Endothelial Function and Poor Outcomes in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease.

Journal of vascular surgery

Joel L. Ramirez, Sukaynah A. Khetani, Greg J. Zahner, Melinda S. Schaller, Warren J. Gasper, Nancy K. Hills, Anne L. Schafer, S. Marlene Grenon

Bone Health After Bariatric Surgery.

JBMR plus

Gagnon C, Schafer AL

Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 is Associated With Adiposity in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis: Possible Cross Talk Between Bone and Adipose Tissue.

Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation

Chiang JM, Kaysen GA, Schafer AL, Delgado C, Johansen KL

Effects of Gastric Bypass Surgery on Bone Mass and Microarchitecture Occur Early and Particularly Impact Postmenopausal Women.

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Schafer AL, Kazakia GJ, Vittinghoff E, Stewart L, Rogers SJ, Kim TY, Carter JT, Posselt AM, Pasco C, Shoback DM, Black DM

Vertebral Fracture Risk in Diabetic Elderly Men: The MrOS Study.

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Napoli N, Schwartz AV, Schafer AL, Vittinghoff E, Cawthon PM, Parimi N, Orwoll E, Strotmeyer ES, Hoffman AR, Barrett-Connor E, Black DM, Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Research Group

Sex differences in response to targeted kyphosis specific exercise and posture training in community-dwelling older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

BMC musculoskeletal disorders

Katzman WB, Parimi N, Gladin A, Poltavskiy EA, Schafer AL, Long RK, Fan B, Wong SS, Lane NE

Bone Marrow Fat Changes After Gastric Bypass Surgery Are Associated With Loss of Bone Mass.

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Kim TY, Schwartz AV, Li X, Xu K, Black DM, Petrenko DM, Stewart L, Rogers SJ, Posselt AM, Carter JT, Shoback DM, Schafer AL

Targeted spine strengthening exercise and posture training program to reduce hyperkyphosis in older adults: results from the study of hyperkyphosis, exercise, and function (SHEAF) randomized controlled trial.

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA

Katzman WB, Vittinghoff E, Lin F, Schafer A, Long RK, Wong S, Gladin A, Fan B, Allaire B, Kado DM, Lane NE

SEX DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSE TO A TARGETED KYPHOSIS SPECIFIC EXERCISE PROGRAM.

Innovation in Aging

W.B. Katzman, N. Parimi, A. Schafer, R. Long, S. Wong, N. Lane

Vitamin D and intestinal calcium transport after bariatric surgery.

The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology

Schafer AL

Diabetes and Bone Marrow Adiposity.

Current osteoporosis reports

Kim TY, Schafer AL

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and incident type 2 diabetes in older men, the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study.

Bone

Napoli N, Schafer AL, Lui LY, Cauley JA, Strotmeyer ES, Le Blanc ES, Hoffman AR, Lee CG, Black DM, Schwartz AV

Decline in Bone Mass During Weight Loss: A Cause for Concern?

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Schafer AL

Intestinal Calcium Absorption and Skeletal Health After Bariatric Surgery.

Nutritional Influences on Bone Health

Anne L. Schafer

Intestinal Calcium Absorption Decreases Dramatically After Gastric Bypass Surgery Despite Optimization of Vitamin D Status.

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Schafer AL, Weaver CM, Black DM, Wheeler AL, Chang H, Szefc GV, Stewart L, Rogers SJ, Carter JT, Posselt AM, Shoback DM, Sellmeyer DE

Changes in vertebral bone marrow fat and bone mass after gastric bypass surgery: A pilot study.

Bone

Schafer AL, Li X, Schwartz AV, Tufts LS, Wheeler AL, Grunfeld C, Stewart L, Rogers SJ, Carter JT, Posselt AM, Black DM, Shoback DM

Teriparatide treatment of osteoporosis in an HIV-infected man: a case report and literature review.

AIDS (London, England)

Wheeler AL, Tien PC, Grunfeld C, Schafer AL

Importance of nutrition visits after gastric bypass surgery for American veterans, San Francisco, 2004-2010.

Preventing chronic disease

Win AZ, Ceresa C, Schafer AL, Mak P, Stewart L

Panostotic expansile bone disease with massive jaw tumor formation and a novel mutation in the signal peptide of RANK.

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Schafer AL, Mumm S, El-Sayed I, McAlister WH, Horvai AE, Tom AM, Hsiao EC, Schaefer FV, Collins MT, Anderson MS, Whyte MP, Shoback DM

Gastric bypass in obese rats causes bone loss, vitamin D deficiency, metabolic acidosis, and elevated peptide YY.

Surgery for obesity and related diseases : official journal of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery

Canales BK, Schafer AL, Shoback DM, Carpenter TO

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration does not independently predict incident diabetes in older women.

Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association

Schafer AL, Napoli N, Lui L, Schwartz AV, Black DM, Study of Osteoporotic Fractures

The search for the optimal anabolic osteoporosis therapy.

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Black DM, Schafer AL

Hypocalcemia: Definition, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management.

Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism

Anne L. Schafer, Dolores Shoback

Effects of antiresorptive therapies on glucose metabolism: results from the FIT, HORIZON-PFT, and FREEDOM trials.

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Schwartz AV, Schafer AL, Grey A, Vittinghoff E, Palermo L, Lui LY, Wallace RB, Cummings SR, Black DM, Bauer DC, Reid IR

Postmenopausal women treated with combination parathyroid hormone (1-84) and ibandronate demonstrate different microstructural changes at the radius vs. tibia: the PTH and Ibandronate Combination Study (PICS).

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA

Schafer AL, Burghardt AJ, Sellmeyer DE, Palermo L, Shoback DM, Majumdar S, Black DM

Urine calcium excretion, cardiovascular events, and mortality in outpatients with stable coronary artery disease (from the Heart and Soul study).

The American journal of cardiology

Welles CC, Schafer AL, Vittinghoff E, Shlipak MG, Whooley MA, Ix JH

Six months of parathyroid Hormone (1-84) administered concurrently versus sequentially with monthly ibandronate over two years: the PTH and ibandronate combination study (PICS) randomized trial.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

Schafer AL, Sellmeyer DE, Palermo L, Hietpas J, Eastell R, Shoback DM, Black DM

Abstract P363: Association of Twenty-Four Hour Urine Calcium Excretion with Cardiovascular Events and Mortality: Data from the Heart and Soul Study.

Circulation

Christine C Welles, Anne L Schafer, Eric Vittinghoff, Michael G Shlipak, Mary A Whooley, Joachim H Ix

Change in undercarboxylated osteocalcin is associated with changes in body weight, fat mass, and adiponectin: parathyroid hormone (1-84) or alendronate therapy in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (the PaTH study).

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

Schafer AL, Sellmeyer DE, Schwartz AV, Rosen CJ, Vittinghoff E, Palermo L, Bilezikian JP, Shoback DM, Black DM

Quantification of vertebral bone marrow fat content using 3 Tesla MR spectroscopy: reproducibility, vertebral variation, and applications in osteoporosis.

Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI

Li X, Kuo D, Schafer AL, Porzig A, Link TM, Black D, Schwartz AV

Consistency of bone turnover marker and calcium responses to parathyroid hormone (1-84) therapy in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Journal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry

Schafer AL, Palermo L, Bauer DC, Bilezikian JP, Sellmeyer DE, Black DM

Fat infiltration of muscle, diabetes, and clinical fracture risk in older adults.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

Schafer AL, Vittinghoff E, Lang TF, Sellmeyer DE, Harris TB, Kanaya AM, Strotmeyer ES, Cawthon PM, Cummings SR, Tylavsky FA, Scherzinger AL, Schwartz AV, Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study

Mild positive hCG in a perimenopausal female: normal, malignancy, or phantom?

Lab Medicine

Wu AHB, Branch J, Schafer A, Murphy E

Laboratory reproducibility of biochemical markers of bone turnover in clinical practice.

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA

Schafer AL, Vittinghoff E, Ramachandran R, Mahmoudi N, Bauer DC

Interventions to improve treatment of osteoporosis following fracture

J Clin Outcomes Manag

Schafer AL, Sellmeyer DS

Rapsyn antibodies in myasthenia gravis.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Agius MA, Zhu S, Kirvan CA, Schafer AL, Lin MY, Fairclough RH, Oger JJ, Aziz T, Aarli JA

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